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The solar panel works by converting sunlight into electrical energy. Citizens who use solar panels receive discounts on their grid power bills. The energy conversion process with solar panels is environmentally friendly, producing no pollution.
You can learn about how solar panels work at home through this article. The functioning of solar panels is explained in detail here, providing information about their operation. Solar energy, obtained from the sun, is abundant on Earth. Using solar panels can help reduce pollution from industrial areas.
Solar Panel Operation at Home
Solar panels are installed as part of a complete solar system, including solar panels, solar inverters, solar charge controllers, and solar batteries. The process of how solar panels work at home is outlined below:
Solar panels contain solar cells, also known as PV cells. When sunlight hits these cells, they start releasing electrons due to the photovoltaic effect, initiating the flow of electricity in one direction, thus starting electricity generation. Solar panels produce electricity in direct current (DC).
The electricity generated from solar panels can be stored in batteries for later use. Users can select batteries with ratings based on their needs. The stored energy in the battery is used as power backup, also stored in DC.
Electricity generated or stored from solar panels cannot directly operate devices because most household appliances operate on alternating current (AC). An inverter is used to convert DC to AC before operating the devices.
Solar charge controllers are used in such systems, where regular inverters are used. These controllers use PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) techniques. PWM controllers regulate only the current, while MPPT controllers can regulate both voltage and current. They are used to connect the panel to the inverter to prevent any malfunction in the system.
On-Grid Connection
If you install an on-grid solar system, you cannot have power backup from the solar system. Electricity generated from solar panels is shared with the grid, and the electricity you supply to the grid is measured by a net meter. Through this connection, you can receive significant discounts on your electricity bills and sometimes even financial benefits. The government also provides subsidies for this connection. However, during grid power outages, you cannot use electricity generated from solar panels.
Off-Grid Connection
In this connection, electricity generated from solar panels can be stored using batteries. After knowing the load information in the house, you can install batteries with an inverter rating accordingly. When grid power goes out, you can use the electricity stored in these batteries to operate appliances. There is no net metering involved in this connection. If net metering is also implemented and connected to the grid, it becomes a hybrid solar system.
Types of Solar Panels
For your home, you can use the following types of solar panels:
- Polycrystalline solar panels: These are the oldest type of solar panels, most commonly used due to their lower cost. They are blue in color and have an efficiency of 8% to 15%.
- Monocrystalline solar panels: These are black in color and have an efficiency of up to 22%. They are more expensive than polycrystalline and can be installed in less space. They can also generate electricity even in bad weather.
- Bifacial solar panels: These are modern solar panels that can generate electricity from both sides. They have the same efficiency as monocrystalline solar panels and can be installed in less space.
When installing solar panels, it’s crucial to have knowledge about the sun’s orientation at your location to ensure optimal placement. Factors like weather and installation also affect solar panel performance, so it’s advisable to seek assistance from specialists for proper installation.
Conclusion
Through this article, you have learned how solar panels work at home. Installing solar panels is a wise investment that can provide benefits for many years to come. By installing solar panels, you can also receive subsidies from government schemes. Solar panels play a crucial role in keeping the environment safe. Their use can lead to a beautiful vision of a green future and address serious issues such as climate change and global warming.
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